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Organization & Environment, Vol. 20, No. 2, 213-234 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/1086026607300325

The Restoration of Nature and Biogeography

An Introduction to Alfred Russel Wallace's "Epping Forest" in 1878

Brett Clark

University of Oregon

Richard York

University of Oregon

Alfred Russel Wallace was one of the most renowned naturalists and scientific explorers of the 19th century. After 4 years exploring the Amazon basin, he spent 8 years traveling in the Malay Archipelago, during which time he discovered the principle of natural selection independently of Darwin. Wallace was a complex and contradictory figure who was an evolutionist and socialist as well as a strong defender of spiritualism. He is widely considered the key founder of biogeography—the field that studies the spatial distribution of species. He had a deep commitment to the natural world. His 1878 essay "Epping Forest" was a forward-looking statement about the need for ecological restoration, which was sufficiently radical for its time to cost him the post as superintendent of Epping Forest, which he was seeking.

Key Words: Alfred Russel Wallace • biogeography • Epping Forest • restoration • ecology • Darwin • evolution • naturalist


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